Currently there are two serialization modes for bitstream Remarks:
standalone and separate. The separate mode splits remark metadata (e.g.
the string table) from actual remark data. The metadata is written into
the object file by the AsmPrinter, while the remark data is stored in a
separate remarks file. This means we can't use bitstream remarks with
tools like opt that don't generate an object file. Also, it is confusing
to post-process bitstream remarks files, because only the standalone
files can be read by llvm-remarkutil. We always need to use dsymutil
to convert the separate files to standalone files, which only works for
MachO. It is not possible for clang/opt to directly emit bitstream
remark files in standalone mode, because the string table can only be
serialized after all remarks were emitted.

Therefore, this change completely removes the separate serialization
mode. Instead, the remark string table is now always written to the end
of the remarks file. This requires us to tell the serializer when to
finalize remark serialization. This automatically happens when the
serializer goes out of scope. However, often the remark file goes out of
scope before the serializer is destroyed. To diagnose this, I have added
an assert to alert users that they need to explicitly call
finalizeLLVMOptimizationRemarks.

This change paves the way for further improvements to the remark
infrastructure, including more tooling (e.g. #159784), size optimizations
for bitstream remarks, and more.

Pull Request: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/156715

Summary:
Currently we have this `__tgt_device_image` indirection which just takes
a reference to some pointers. This was all find and good when the only
usage of this was from a section of GPU code that came from an ELF
constant section. However, we have expanded beyond that and now need to
worry about managing lifetimes. We have code that references the image
even after it was loaded internally. This patch changes the
implementation to instaed copy the memory buffer and manage it locally.

This PR reworks the JIT and other image handling to directly manage its
own memory. We now don't need to duplicate this behavior externally at
the Offload API level. Also we actually free these if the user unloads
them.

Upside, less likely to crash and burn. Downside, more latency when
loading an image.

When `unloadBinary` is called, any entries in the JITEngine's cache
for that binary will be cleared. This fixes a nasty issue with
liboffload program handles. If two handles happen to have had the same
address (after one was free'd, for example), the cache would be hit and
return the wrong program.

[Offload] Use new error code handling mechanism

This removes the old ErrorCode-less error method and requires
every user to provide a concrete error code. All calls have been
updated.

In addition, for consistency with error messages elsewhere in LLVM, all
messages have been made to start lower case.

This avoids doing a Triple -> std::string -> Triple round trip in lots
of places, now that the Module stores a Triple.

Adjust for #129868.

Following discussions in #110443, and the following earlier discussions
in https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-October/117907.html,
https://reviews.llvm.org/D38482, https://reviews.llvm.org/D38489, this
PR attempts to overhaul the `TargetMachine` and `LLVMTargetMachine`
interface classes. More specifically:
1. Makes `TargetMachine` the only class implemented under
`TargetMachine.h` in the `Target` library.
2. `TargetMachine` contains target-specific interface functions that
relate to IR/CodeGen/MC constructs, whereas before (at least on paper)
it was supposed to have only IR/MC constructs. Any Target that doesn't
want to use the independent code generator simply does not implement
them, and returns either `false` or `nullptr`.
3. Renames `LLVMTargetMachine` to `CodeGenCommonTMImpl`. This renaming
aims to make the purpose of `LLVMTargetMachine` clearer. Its interface
was moved under the CodeGen library, to further emphasis its usage in
Targets that use CodeGen directly.
4. Makes `TargetMachine` the only interface used across LLVM and its
projects. With these changes, `CodeGenCommonTMImpl` is simply a set of
shared function implementations of `TargetMachine`, and CodeGen users
don't need to static cast to `LLVMTargetMachine` every time they need a
CodeGen-specific feature of the `TargetMachine`.
5. More importantly, does not change any requirements regarding library
linking.

cc @arsenm @aeubanks

We had three `utils::` namespaces, all with different "meaning" (host,
device, hsa_utils). We should, when we can, keep "include/Shared"
accessible from host and device, thus RefCountTy has been moved to a
separate header. `hsa_utils` was introduced to make `utils::` less
overloaded. And common functionality was de-duplicated, e.g.,
`utils::advance` and `utils::advanceVoidPtr` -> `utils:advancePtr`. Type
punning now checks for the size of the result to make sure it matches
the source type.

No functional change was intended.

Summary:
Initializing the plugins requires initializing the runtime like CUDA or
HSA. This has a considerable overhead on most platforms, so we should
only actually initialize a plugin if it is needed by any image that is
loaded.