This avoids doing a Triple -> std::string -> Triple round trip in lots
of places, now that the Module stores a Triple.

Following discussions in #110443, and the following earlier discussions
in https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-October/117907.html,
https://reviews.llvm.org/D38482, https://reviews.llvm.org/D38489, this
PR attempts to overhaul the `TargetMachine` and `LLVMTargetMachine`
interface classes. More specifically:
1. Makes `TargetMachine` the only class implemented under
`TargetMachine.h` in the `Target` library.
2. `TargetMachine` contains target-specific interface functions that
relate to IR/CodeGen/MC constructs, whereas before (at least on paper)
it was supposed to have only IR/MC constructs. Any Target that doesn't
want to use the independent code generator simply does not implement
them, and returns either `false` or `nullptr`.
3. Renames `LLVMTargetMachine` to `CodeGenCommonTMImpl`. This renaming
aims to make the purpose of `LLVMTargetMachine` clearer. Its interface
was moved under the CodeGen library, to further emphasis its usage in
Targets that use CodeGen directly.
4. Makes `TargetMachine` the only interface used across LLVM and its
projects. With these changes, `CodeGenCommonTMImpl` is simply a set of
shared function implementations of `TargetMachine`, and CodeGen users
don't need to static cast to `LLVMTargetMachine` every time they need a
CodeGen-specific feature of the `TargetMachine`.
5. More importantly, does not change any requirements regarding library
linking.

cc @arsenm @aeubanks

In new pass system, `MachineFunction` could be an analysis result again,
machine module pass can now fetch them from analysis manager.
`MachineModuleInfo` no longer owns them.
Remove `FreeMachineFunctionPass`, replaced by
`InvalidateAnalysisPass<MachineFunctionAnalysis>`.

Now `FreeMachineFunction` is replaced by
`InvalidateAnalysisPass<MachineFunctionAnalysis>`, the workaround in
`MachineFunctionPassManager` is no longer needed, there is no difference
between `unittests/MIR/PassBuilderCallbacksTest.cpp` and
`unittests/IR/PassBuilderCallbacksTest.cpp`.

`setDiagnosticHandler` is idempotent.

Currently the new PM infra for codegen puts everything into a
MachineFunctionPassManager. The MachineFunctionPassManager owns both
Module passes and MachineFunction passes, and batches adjacent
MachineFunction passes like a typical PassManager.

The current MachineFunctionAnalysisManager also directly references a
module and function analysis manager to get results.

The initial argument was that the codegen pipeline is relatively "flat",
meaning it's mostly machine function passes with a couple of module
passes here and there. However, there are a couple of issues with this
as compared to a more structured nesting more like the optimization
pipeline. For example, it doesn't allow running function passes then
machine function passes on a function and its machine function all at
once. It also currently requires the caller to split out the IR passes
into one pass manager and the MIR passes into another pass manager.

This patch rewrites the new pass manager infra for the codegen pipeline
to be more similar to the nesting in the optimization pipeline.
Basically, a Function contains a MachineFunction. So we can have Module
-> Function -> MachineFunction adaptors. It also rewrites the analysis
managers to have inner/outer proxies like the ones in the optimization
pipeline. The new pass managers/adaptors/analysis managers can be seen
in use in PassManagerTest.cpp.

This allows us to consolidate to just having to add to one
ModulePassManager when using the codegen pipeline.

I haven't added the Function -> MachineFunction adaptor in this patch,
but it should be added when we merge AddIRPass/AddMachinePass so that we
can run IR and MIR passes on a function before proceeding to the next
function.

The MachineFunctionProperties infra for MIR verification is still WIP.

With the legacy pass manager, MachineModuleInfoWrapperPass owned the
MachineModuleInfo used in the codegen pipeline. It can do this since
it's an ImmutablePass that doesn't get invalidated.

However, with the new pass manager, it is legal for the
ModuleAnalysisManager to clear all of its analyses, regardless of if the
analysis does not want to be invalidated. So we must move ownership of
the MachineModuleInfo outside of the analysis (this is similar to
PassInstrumentation). For now, make the PassBuilder user register a
MachineModuleAnalysis that returns a reference to a MachineModuleInfo
that the user owns. Perhaps we can find a better place to own the
MachineModuleInfo to make using the codegen pass manager less cumbersome
in the future.

The forwarding header is left in place because of its use in
`polly/lib/External/isl/interface/extract_interface.cc`, but I have
added a GCC warning about the fact it is deprecated, because it is used
in `isl` from where it is included by Polly.

I also ran `git clang-format` to get the headers in the right order for
the new location, which has changed the order of other headers in two
files.

This patch mechanically replaces None with std::nullopt where the
compiler would warn if None were deprecated.  The intent is to reduce
the amount of manual work required in migrating from Optional to
std::optional.

This is part of an effort to migrate from llvm::Optional to
std::optional:

https://discourse.llvm.org/t/deprecating-llvm-optional-x-hasvalue-getvalue-getvalueor/63716

This is a (fixed) recommit of https://reviews.llvm.org/D121169

after:  1061034926
before: 1063332844

Discourse thread: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/include-what-you-use-include-cleanup
Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D121681