Reland of https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91334, which broke
the gcc7 buildbot and was reverted in
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/92321.
Work around the failure by being explicit about returning an `Expected`.

cc @joker-eph

Reverts llvm/llvm-project#91334

This broke the gcc7 build.
I suspect the issue is a mismatch on user-defined move constructor on
the return: `return PreservedGVs;` does not match the return type of the
function.

This PR adds a string interface to `InternalizePass`' `MustPreserveGV`
option, which is a callback function to indicate if a GV is not to be
internalized. This is for use in LLVM.jl, the Julia wrapper for LLVM,
which uses the C API and is thus required to use the PassBuilder string
API for building NewPM pipelines.

As part of the migration to ptradd
(https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-replacing-getelementptr-with-ptradd/68699),
we need to change the representation of the `inrange` attribute, which
is used for vtable splitting.

Currently, inrange is specified as follows:

```
getelementptr inbounds ({ [4 x ptr], [4 x ptr] }, ptr @vt, i64 0, inrange i32 1, i64 2)
```

The `inrange` is placed on a GEP index, and all accesses must be "in
range" of that index. The new representation is as follows:

```
getelementptr inbounds inrange(-16, 16) ({ [4 x ptr], [4 x ptr] }, ptr @vt, i64 0, i32 1, i64 2)
```

This specifies which offsets are "in range" of the GEP result. The new
representation will continue working when canonicalizing to ptradd
representation:

```
getelementptr inbounds inrange(-16, 16) (i8, ptr @vt, i64 48)
```

The inrange offsets are relative to the return value of the GEP. An
alternative design could make them relative to the source pointer
instead. The result-relative format was chosen on the off-chance that we
want to extend support to non-constant GEPs in the future, in which case
this variant is more expressive.

This implementation "upgrades" the old inrange representation in bitcode
by simply dropping it. This is a very niche feature, and I don't think
trying to upgrade it is worthwhile. Let me know if you disagree.

The internalize pass supports an option to provide a list of symbols
that should not be internalized. THis is useful retaining certain
defintions that should be kept alive. However, this interface is
somewhat difficult to use as it requires knowing every single symbol's
name and specifying it. Many APIs provide common prefixes for the
symbols exported by the library, so it would make sense to be able to
match these using a simple glob pattern. This patch changes the handling
from a simple string comparison to a glob pattern match.

Reviewed By: MaskRay

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D130319

In the textual format, `noduplicates` means no COMDAT/section group
deduplication is performed. Therefore, if both sets of sections are retained, and
they happen to define strong external symbols with the same names,
there will be a duplicate definition linker error.

In PE/COFF, the selection kind lowers to `IMAGE_COMDAT_SELECT_NODUPLICATES`.
The name describes the corollary instead of the immediate semantics.  The name
can cause confusion to other binary formats (ELF, wasm) which have implemented/
want to implement the "no deduplication" selection kind. Rename it to be clearer.

Reviewed By: rnk

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106319

- ``externally_initialized`` variables would be initialized or modified
  elsewhere. Particularly, CUDA or HIP may have host code to initialize
  or modify ``externally_initialized`` device variables, which may not
  be explicitly referenced on the device side but may still be used
  through the host side interfaces. Not preserving them triggers the
  elimination of them in the GlobalDCE and breaks the user code.

Reviewed By: yaxunl

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D105135

I realized that we can use `comdat noduplicates` which is available on ELF.
Add a special case for wasm which doesn't support the feature.