These are identified by misc-include-cleaner.  I've filtered out those
that break builds.  Also, I'm staying away from llvm-config.h,
config.h, and Compiler.h, which likely cause platform- or
compiler-specific build failures.

Part of the coverage-tracking feature, following #107279.

In order for DebugLoc coverage testing to work, we firstly have to set
annotations for intentionally-empty DebugLocs, and secondly we have to
ensure that we do not drop these annotations as we propagate DebugLocs
throughout compilation. As the annotations exist as part of the DebugLoc
class, and not the underlying DILocation, they will not survive a
DebugLoc->DILocation->DebugLoc roundtrip. Therefore this patch modifies
a number of places in the compiler to propagate DebugLocs directly
rather than via the underlying DILocation. This has no effect on the
output of normal builds; it only ensures that during coverage builds, we
do not drop incorrectly annotations and therefore create false
positives.

The bulk of these changes are in replacing
DILocation::getMergedLocation(s) with a DebugLoc equivalent, and in
changing the IRBuilder to store a DebugLoc directly rather than storing
DILocations in its general Metadata array. We also use a new function,
`DebugLoc::orElse`, which selects the "best" DebugLoc out of a pair
(valid location > annotated > empty), preferring the current DebugLoc on
a tie - this encapsulates the existing behaviour at a few sites where we
_may_ assign a DebugLoc to an existing instruction, while extending the
logic to handle annotation DebugLocs at the same time.

- try_emplace(Key) is shorter than insert(std::make_pair(Key, 0)).
- try_emplace performs value initialization without value parameters.
- We overwrite values on successful insertion anyway.

InstructionCost is already an optional value, containing an Invalid
state that can be checked with isValid(). There is little point in
returning another optional from getValue(). Most uses do not make use of
it being a std::optional, dereferencing the value directly (either
isValid has been checked previously or the Cost is assumed to be valid).
The one case that does in AMDGPU used value_or which has been replaced
by a isValid() check.

DenseSet, SmallPtrSet, SmallSet, SetVector, and StringSet recently
gained C++23-style insert_range.  This patch replaces:

  Dest.insert(Src.begin(), Src.end());

with:

  Dest.insert_range(Src);

This patch does not touch custom begin like succ_begin for now.

As part of the "RemoveDIs" project, BasicBlock::iterator now carries a
debug-info bit that's needed when getFirstNonPHI and similar feed into
instruction insertion positions. Call-sites where that's necessary were
updated a year ago; but to ensure some type safety however, we'd like to
have all calls to moveBefore use iterators.

This patch adds a (guaranteed dereferenceable) iterator-taking
moveBefore, and changes a bunch of call-sites where it's obviously safe
to change to use it by just calling getIterator() on an instruction
pointer. A follow-up patch will contain less-obviously-safe changes.

We'll eventually deprecate and remove the instruction-pointer
insertBefore, but not before adding concise documentation of what
considerations are needed (very few).

Identified with misc-include-cleaner.

The result here may require truncation. Fix this by removing the
calculateOffsetDiff() helper entirely. As far as I can tell, this
code does not actually have to deal with different bitwidths.

findBaseConstants() will produce ranges of constants with equal
types, which is what maximizeConstantsInRange() will then work
on.

Fixes assertion reported at:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/114539#issuecomment-2453008679