Register assembly printer passes in the pass registry.

This makes it possible to use `llc -start-before=<target>-asm-printer ...` in tests.

Adds a `char &ID` parameter to the AssemblyPrinter constructor to allow
targets to use the `INITIALIZE_PASS` macros and register the pass in the
pass registry. This currently has a default parameter so it won't break
any targets that have not been updated.

Fixes #85578, a use-after-free caused by some `MCSymbolWasm` data being
freed too early.

Previously, `WebAssemblyAsmParser` owned the data that is moved to
`MCContext` by this PR, which caused problems when handling module ASM,
because the ASM parser was destroyed after parsing the module ASM, but
the symbols persisted.

The added test passes locally with an LLVM build with AddressSanitizer
enabled.

Implementation notes:

* I've called the added method
<code>allocate<b><i>Generic</i></b>String</code> and added the second
paragraph of its documentation to maybe guide people a bit on when to
use this method (based on my (limited) understanding of the `MCContext`
class). We could also just call it `allocateString` and remove that
second paragraph.
* The added `createWasmSignature` method does not support taking the
return and parameter types as arguments: Specifying them afterwards is
barely any longer and prevents them from being accidentally specified in
the wrong order.
* This removes a _"TODO: Do the uniquing of Signatures here instead of
ObjectFileWriter?"_ since the field it's attached to is also removed.
Let me know if you think that TODO should be preserved somewhere.

Annotation attributes may be attached to a function to mark it with
custom data that will be contained in the final Wasm file. The
annotation causes a custom section named
"func_attr.annotate.<name>.<arg0>.<arg1>..." to be created that will
contain each function's index value that was marked with the annotation.

A new patchable relocation type for function indexes had to be created so
the custom section could be updated during linking.

Reviewed By: sbc100

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D150803

This fixes bug <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54022>. For
now this means that defined functions will have two .functype directives
emitted. Given discussion in that bug has suggested interest in moving
towards using something other than .functype to mark the beginning of a
function (which would, as a side-effect, solve this issue), this patch
doesn't attempt to avoid that duplication.

Some test cases that used CHECK-LABEL: foo rather than CHECK-LABEL: foo:
are broken by this change. This patch updates those test cases to always
have a colon at the end of the CHECK-LABEL string.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D122134

Reland of 00bf4755.

This patches fixes the visibility and linkage information of symbols
referring to IR globals.

Emission of external declarations is now done in the first execution
of emitConstantPool rather than in emitLinkage (and a few other
places). This is the point where we have already gathered information
about used symbols (by running the MC Lower PrePass) and not yet
started emitting any functions so that any declarations that need to
be emitted are done so at the top of the file before any functions.

This changes the order of a few directives in the final asm file which
required an update to a few tests.

Reviewed By: sbc100

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D118995

This reverts commit 00bf4755e90c89963a135739218ef49c2417109f.

This change broke the emscripten builder (among other things):

https://ci.chromium.org/ui/p/emscripten-releases/builders/try/linux/b8823500584349280721/overview

Sample failure:

```
test_unistd_unlink (test_core.core0) ...
wasm-ld: error: symbol type mismatch: __stdio_write
>>> defined as WASM_SYMBOL_TYPE_FUNCTION in /usr/local/google/home/sbc/dev/wasm/emscripten/cache/sysroot/lib/wasm32-emscripten/libc-debug.a(__stdio_write.o)
>>> defined as WASM_SYMBOL_TYPE_DATA in /usr/local/google/home/sbc/dev/wasm/emscripten/cache/sysroot/lib/wasm32-emscripten/libc-debug.a(stderr.o)
```

This patches fixes the visibility and linkage information of symbols
referring to IR globals.

Emission of external declarations is now done in the first execution
of emitConstantPool rather than in emitLinkage (and a few other
places). This is the point where we have already gathered information
about used symbols (by running the MC Lower PrePass) and not yet
started emitting any functions so that any declarations that need to
be emitted are done so at the top of the file before any functions.

This changes the order of a few directives in the final asm file which
required an update to a few tests.

Reviewed By: sbc100

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D118122

This to protect against non-sensical instruction sequences being assembled,
which would either cause asserts/crashes further down, or a Wasm module being output that doesn't validate.

Unlike a validator, this type checker is able to give type-errors as part of the parsing process, which makes the assembler much friendlier to be used by humans writing manual input.

Because the MC system is single pass (instructions aren't even stored in MC format, they are directly output) the type checker has to be single pass as well, which means that from now on .globaltype and .functype decls must come before their use. An extra pass is added to Codegen to collect information for this purpose, since AsmPrinter is normally single pass / streaming as well, and would otherwise generate this information on the fly.

A `-no-type-check` flag was added to llvm-mc (and any other tools that take asm input) that surpresses type errors, as a quick escape hatch for tests that were not intended to be type correct.

This is a first version of the type checker that ignores control flow, i.e. it checks that types are correct along the linear path, but not the branch path. This will still catch most errors. Branch checking could be added in the future.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D104945

As we have been missing support for WebAssembly globals on the IR level,
the lowering of WASM_SYMBOL_TYPE_GLOBAL to IR was incomplete.  This
commit fleshes out the lowering support, lowering references to and
definitions of addrspace(1) values to correctly typed
WASM_SYMBOL_TYPE_GLOBAL symbols.

Depends on D101608.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101913

Renaming for some Emscripten EH functions has so far been done in
wasm-emscripten-finalize tool in Binaryen. But recently we decided to
make a compilation/linking path that does not rely on
wasm-emscripten-finalize for modifications, so here we move that
functionality to LLVM.

Invoke wrappers are generated in LowerEmscriptenEHSjLj pass, but final
wasm types are not available in the IR pass, we need to rename them at
the end of the pipeline.

This patch also removes uses of `emscripten_longjmp_jmpbuf` in
LowerEmscriptenEHSjLj pass, replacing that with `emscripten_longjmp`.
`emscripten_longjmp_jmpbuf` is lowered to `emscripten_longjmp`, but
previously we generated calls to `emscripten_longjmp_jmpbuf` in
LowerEmscriptenEHSjLj pass because it takes `jmp_buf*` instead of `i32`.
But we were able use `ptrtoint` to make it use `emscripten_longjmp`
directly here.

Addresses:
https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/3043
https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/3081

Companions:
https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/pull/3191
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/12399

Reviewed By: dschuff, tlively, sbc100

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D88697