This reapplies 2cc64df0bd6a802eab592dbc282463c3e4a4281c, which was reverted in
5379c46d490640bfa80283e00240b6f1006092b4 due to bot failures.

The new patch contains fixes to ELFLinkGraphBuilder.h to better handle
non-SHT_ALLOC sections (these were being accidentally skipped in the previous
patch), and to skip SHT_NULL sections.

This reverts commit 2cc64df0bd6a802eab592dbc282463c3e4a4281c while I investigate
bot failures (e.g. https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/3/builds/23081).

The original MemDeallocPolicy had two options:
* Standard: allocated memory lives until deallocated or abandoned.
* Finalize: allocated memory lives until all finalize actions have been run,
            then is destroyed.

This patch introduces a new 'NoAlloc' option. NoAlloc indicates that the
section should be ignored by the JITLinkMemoryManager -- the memory manager
should allocate neither working memory nor executor address space to blocks in
NoAlloc sections. The NoAlloc option is intended to support metadata sections
(e.g. debug info) that we want to keep in the graph and have fixed up if
necessary, but don't want allocated or transmitted to the executor (or we want
that allocation and transmission to be managed manually by plugins).

Since NoAlloc blocks are ignored by the JITLinkMemoryManager they will not have
working memory allocated to them by default post-allocation. Clients wishing to
modify the content of a block in a NoAlloc section should call
`Block::getMutableMemory(LinkGraph&)` to get writable memory allocated on the
LinkGraph's allocator (this memory will exist for the lifetime of the graph).
If no client requests mutable memory prior to the fixup phase then the generic
link algorithm will do so when it encounters the first edge in any given block.

Addresses of blocks in NoAlloc sections are initialized by the LinkGraph
creator (a LinkGraphBuilder, if the graph is generated from an object file),
and should not be modified by the JITLinkMemoryManager. Plugins are responsible
for updating addresses if they add/remove content from these sections. The
meaning of addresses in NoAlloc-sections is backend/plugin defined, but for
fixup purposes they will be treated the same as addresses in Standard/Finalize
sections. References from Standard/Finalize sections to NoAlloc sections are
expected to be common (these represent metadata tracking executor addresses).
References from NoAlloc sections to Standard/Finalize sections are expected to
be rare/non-existent (they would represent JIT'd code / data tracking metadata
in the controller, which would be surprising). LinkGraphBuilders and specific
backends may impose additional constraints on edges between Standard/Finalize
and NoAlloc sections where required for correctness.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D146183

Moving these types to OrcShared eliminates the need for the separate
WireProtectionFlags type.

Since 67220c2ad72e empty SPSSequence<char>s deserialize to default-constructed
ArrayRef<char>s, which have a null data field. We need to check for this to
avoid memcpy'ing from a nullptr.

This should fix the bot failure in
https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/85/builds/9323

These types performed identical roles. Merging them simplifies interoperability
between JITLink and ORC APIs (allowing us to address a few FIXMEs).

Identified with modernize-use-nullptr.

This type has been moved up into the llvm::orc::shared namespace.

This type was originally put in the detail:: namespace on the assumption that
few (if any) LLVM source files would need to use it. In practice it has been
needed in many places, and will continue to be needed until/unless
OrcTargetProcess is fully merged into the ORC runtime.

The new name better suits the type.

This patch also changes the signature of the run method (it now returns a
WrapperFunctionResult), and adds runWithSPSRet methods that deserialize the
function result using SPS.

Together these chages bring this type into close alignment with its ORC runtime
counterpart.