Fixes #128658

This significantly reduces the amount of debug information generated
for codebases using libc++, without hurting the debugging experience.

This patch runs clang-format on all of libcxx/include and libcxx/src, in
accordance with the RFC discussed at [1]. Follow-up patches will format
the benchmarks, the test suite and remaining parts of the code. I'm
splitting this one into its own patch so the diff is a bit easier to
review.

This patch was generated with:

   find libcxx/include libcxx/src -type f \
      | grep -v 'module.modulemap.in' \
      | grep -v 'CMakeLists.txt' \
      | grep -v 'README.txt' \
      | grep -v 'libcxx.imp' \
      | grep -v '__config_site.in' \
      | xargs clang-format -i

A Git merge driver is available in libcxx/utils/clang-format-merge-driver.sh
to help resolve merge and rebase issues across these formatting changes.

[1]: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-clang-formatting-all-of-libc-once-and-for-all

As part of the upcoming clang-formatting of libc++, this patch performs
the long desired removal of the _VSTD macro.

See https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-clang-formatting-all-of-libc-once-and-for-all
for the clang-format proposal.

When inserting nodes into a forward list, each new node is allocated but
not constructed. The constructor was being called explicitly on the node
`value_` but the `next_` pointer remained uninitialized rather than
being set to null. This bug is only triggered in the cleanup code if an
exception is thrown -- upon successful creation of new nodes, the last
incorrect "next" value is overwritten to a correct pointer.

This issue was found due to new tests added in
https://reviews.llvm.org/D149830.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D152327

POSIX allows certain macros to exist with generic names (i.e. refresh(), move(), and erase()) to exist in `curses.h` which conflict with functions found in std::filesystem, among others. This patch undefs the macros in question and adds them to LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS and LIBCPP_POP_MACROS.

Reviewed By: #libc, philnik, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D147356

This commit reverts 5aaefa51 (and also partly 7f285f48e77 and b6d75682f9,
which were related to the original commit). As landed, 5aaefa51 had
unintended consequences on some downstream bots and didn't have proper
coverage upstream due to a few subtle things. Implementing this is
something we should do in libc++, however we'll first need to address
a few issues listed in https://reviews.llvm.org/D106124#3349710.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D120683

libc++ has started splicing standard library headers into much more
fine-grained content for maintainability. It's very likely that outdated
and naive tooling (some of which is outside of LLVM's scope) will
suggest users include things such as <__ranges/access.h> instead of
<ranges>, and Hyrum's law suggests that users will eventually begin to
rely on this without the help of tooling. As such, this commit
intends to protect users from themselves, by making it a hard error for
anyone outside of the standard library to include libc++ detail headers.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D106124

Basically a rebase of D104980; most of that patch had already happened
via gradual drive-by changes, but this finishes it up.
Don't touch the inclusions from `<__functional_base>`, `<__hash_table>`,
or `<__locale>`; those could be removed if we propagated the
inclusions up to the includers of those files, but there are lots
of those includers.

`<algorithm>`, `<functional>`, and `<memory>` already include `<utility>`
at the top level. `<iterator>` did not, so I've added it there.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D119020