`__has_cpp_attribute(__nodiscard__)` is always true now, so we might as
well replace `_LIBCPP_NODISCARD`. It's one less macro that can result in
bad diagnostics.

This also adds a few tests that were missing.

This patch runs clang-format on all of libcxx/include and libcxx/src, in
accordance with the RFC discussed at [1]. Follow-up patches will format
the benchmarks, the test suite and remaining parts of the code. I'm
splitting this one into its own patch so the diff is a bit easier to
review.

This patch was generated with:

   find libcxx/include libcxx/src -type f \
      | grep -v 'module.modulemap.in' \
      | grep -v 'CMakeLists.txt' \
      | grep -v 'README.txt' \
      | grep -v 'libcxx.imp' \
      | grep -v '__config_site.in' \
      | xargs clang-format -i

A Git merge driver is available in libcxx/utils/clang-format-merge-driver.sh
to help resolve merge and rebase issues across these formatting changes.

[1]: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-clang-formatting-all-of-libc-once-and-for-all

As part of the upcoming clang-formatting of libc++, this patch performs
the long desired removal of the _VSTD macro.

See https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-clang-formatting-all-of-libc-once-and-for-all
for the clang-format proposal.

In preparation for running clang-format on the whole code base, we are
also removing mentions of the legacy _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY macro in
favor of the newer _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI.

We're still leaving the definition of _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY to avoid
creating needless breakage in case some older patches are checked-in
with mentions of the old macro. After we branch for LLVM 18, we can do
another pass to clean up remaining uses of the macro that might have
gotten introduced by mistake (if any) and remove the macro itself at the
same time. This is just a minor convenience to smooth out the transition
as much as possible.

See
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-clang-formatting-all-of-libc-once-and-for-all
for the clang-format proposal.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/59021

Reviewed By: #libc, philnik

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D138268

This was discussed on Discord with the consensus that we should rename the macros.

Reviewed By: ldionne, Mordante, var-const, avogelsgesang, jloser, #libc

Spies: libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D131498

Reviewed By: ldionne, Mordante, var-const, huixie90, #libc

Spies: jloser, libcxx-commits, arichardson, miyuki

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D129968

Also fix `std::find_first_of` (which accidentally copied the predicate
in the implementation).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D131235