Fix #98393

Context: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/87017

- Add proxy header `libc/hdr/math_macros.h` that will:
  - include `<math.h>` in overlay mode,
- include `"include/llvm-libc-macros/math-macros.h"` in full build mode.
- Its corresponding CMake target `libc.hdr.math_macros` will only depend
on `libc.include.math` and `libc.include.llvm-libc-macros.math_macros`
in full build mode.
- Replace all `#include "include/llvm-libc-macros/math-macros.h"` with
`#include "hdr/math_macros.h"`.
- Add dependency to `libc.hdr.math_macros` CMake target when using
`add_fp_unittest`.
- Update the remaining dependency.
- Update bazel overlay: add `libc:hdr_math_macros` target, and replacing
all dependency on `libc:llvm_libc_macros_math_macros` with
`libc:hdr_math_macros`.

Reland of #84991

A downstream overlay mode user ran into issues with the isnan macro not
working in our sources with a specific libc configuration. This patch
replaces the last direct includes of math.h with our internal
math_macros.h, along with the necessary build system changes.

Clean up usage of `DECLARE_SPECIAL_CONSTANTS` in global scope.

This is step 4 of
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-customizable-namespace-to-allow-testing-the-libc-when-the-system-libc-is-also-llvms-libc/73079

This part of the effort to make all test related pieces into the `test`
directory. This helps is excluding test related pieces in a straight
forward manner if LLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS is OFF. Future patches will also move
the MPFR wrapper and testutils into the 'test' directory.

Optimize the core part of `tanhf` implementation that is to compute `e^x`
similar to https://reviews.llvm.org/D133870.  Factor the constants and
polynomial approximation out so that it can be used for `exp10f`

Performance benchmark using perf tool from the CORE-MATH project on Ryzen 1700:
```
$ CORE_MATH_PERF_MODE="rdtsc" ./perf.sh tanhf
GNU libc version: 2.35
GNU libc release: stable
CORE-MATH reciprocal throughput   : 13.377
System LIBC reciprocal throughput : 55.046

BEFORE:
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 75.674
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 33.242    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 25.927    (with `-mfma` flag)

AFTER:
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 26.359
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 18.888    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 14.243    (with `-mfma` flag)

$ CORE_MATH_PERF_MODE="rdtsc" ./perf.sh tanhf --latency
GNU libc version: 2.35
GNU libc release: stable
CORE-MATH latency   : 43.365
System LIBC latency : 123.499

BEFORE
LIBC latency        : 112.968
LIBC latency        : 104.908   (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC latency        : 92.310    (with `-mfma` flag)

AFTER
LIBC latency        : 69.828
LIBC latency        : 63.874    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC latency        : 57.427    (with `-mfma` flag)
```

Reviewed By: orex, zimmermann6

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D134002

Reduce the number of subintervals that need lookup table and optimize
the evaluation steps.

Currently, `exp2f` is computed by reducing to `2^hi * 2^mid * 2^lo` where
`-16/32 <= mid <= 15/32` and `-1/64 <= lo <= 1/64`, and `2^lo` is then
approximated by a degree 6 polynomial.

Experiment with Sollya showed that by using a degree 6 polynomial, we
can approximate `2^lo` for a bigger range with reasonable errors:
```
> P = fpminimax((2^x - 1)/x, 5, [|D...|], [-1/64, 1/64]);
> dirtyinfnorm(2^x - 1 - x*P, [-1/64, 1/64]);
0x1.e18a1bc09114def49eb851655e2e5c4dd08075ac2p-63

> P = fpminimax((2^x - 1)/x, 5, [|D...|], [-1/32, 1/32]);
> dirtyinfnorm(2^x - 1 - x*P, [-1/32, 1/32]);
0x1.05627b6ed48ca417fe53e3495f7df4baf84a05e2ap-56
```
So we can optimize the implementation a bit with:
# Reduce the range to `mid = i/16` for `i = 0..15` and `-1/32 <= lo <= 1/32`
# Store the table `2^mid` in bits, and add `hi` directly to its exponent field to compute `2^hi * 2^mid`
# Rearrange the order of evaluating the polynomial approximating `2^lo`.

Performance benchmark using perf tool from the CORE-MATH project on Ryzen 1700:
```
$ CORE_MATH_PERF_MODE="rdtsc" ./perf.sh exp2f
GNU libc version: 2.35
GNU libc release: stable
CORE-MATH reciprocal throughput   : 9.534
System LIBC reciprocal throughput : 6.229

BEFORE:
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 21.405
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 15.241    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 11.111    (with `-mfma` flag)

AFTER:
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 18.617
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 12.852    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC reciprocal throughput        : 9.253     (with `-mfma` flag)

$ CORE_MATH_PERF_MODE="rdtsc" ./perf.sh exp2f --latency
GNU libc version: 2.35
GNU libc release: stable
CORE-MATH latency   : 40.869
System LIBC latency : 30.580

BEFORE
LIBC latency        : 64.888
LIBC latency        : 61.027    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC latency        : 48.778    (with `-mfma` flag)

AFTER
LIBC latency        : 48.803
LIBC latency        : 45.047    (with `-msse4.2` flag)
LIBC latency        : 37.487    (with `-mfma` flag)
```

Reviewed By: sivachandra, orex

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D133870

Performance by core-math (core-math/glibc 2.31/current llvm-14):
28.879/20.843/20.15

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D132842