This reverts commit cbe97e959dc67503d7cc44a3810e3124b6d3340e.

This reverts commit fda1e4b01f723c31a36ad659564ae4a61365930e.

The commit caused Buildbot failures:
- https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/256/builds/14331
- https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/229/builds/27009

This adds a new test fixture class FEnvSafeTest (usable as a base
class for other fixtures) that ensures each test doesn't perturb
the `fenv_t` state that the next test will start with.  It also
provides types and methods tests can use to explicitly wrap code
under test either to check that it doesn't perturb the state or
to save and restore the state around particular test code.

All the fenv and math tests are updated to use this so that none
can affect another.  Expectations that code under test and/or
tests themselves don't perturb state can be added later.

Context: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/87017

- Add proxy header `libc/hdr/math_macros.h` that will:
  - include `<math.h>` in overlay mode,
- include `"include/llvm-libc-macros/math-macros.h"` in full build mode.
- Its corresponding CMake target `libc.hdr.math_macros` will only depend
on `libc.include.math` and `libc.include.llvm-libc-macros.math_macros`
in full build mode.
- Replace all `#include "include/llvm-libc-macros/math-macros.h"` with
`#include "hdr/math_macros.h"`.
- Add dependency to `libc.hdr.math_macros` CMake target when using
`add_fp_unittest`.
- Update the remaining dependency.
- Update bazel overlay: add `libc:hdr_math_macros` target, and replacing
all dependency on `libc:llvm_libc_macros_math_macros` with
`libc:hdr_math_macros`.

Reland of #84991

A downstream overlay mode user ran into issues with the isnan macro not
working in our sources with a specific libc configuration. This patch
replaces the last direct includes of math.h with our internal
math_macros.h, along with the necessary build system changes.

Towards the goal of getting `ninja libc-lint` back to green, fix the numerous
instances of:

    warning: header guard does not follow preferred style [llvm-header-guard]

This is because many of our header guards start with `__LLVM` rather than
`LLVM`.

To filter just these warnings:

    $ ninja -k2000 libc-lint 2>&1 | grep llvm-header-guard

To automatically apply fixits:

    $ find libc/src libc/include libc/test -name \*.h | \
        xargs -n1 -I {} clang-tidy {} -p build/compile_commands.json \
        -checks='-*,llvm-header-guard' --fix --quiet

Some manual cleanup is still necessary as headers that were missing header
guards outright will have them inserted before the license block (we prefer
them after).

The semantics for casting can range from "bitcast" (same representation)
to "different representation", to "type promotion". Here we remove the
cast operator and force usage of `get_val` as the only function to get
the floating point value, making the intent clearer and more consistent.

`StorageType` may be a `BigInt` under the hood. Initializing it with
`-1` does not yields the maximum value.

This one might be a bit controversial since the terminology has been
introduced from the start but I think `FRACTION_LEN` is a better name
here. AFAICT it really is "the number of bits after the decimal dot when
the number is in normal form."

`MANTISSA_WIDTH` is less precise as it's unclear whether we take the
leading bit into account.
This patch also renames most of the properties to use the `_LEN` suffix
and fixes useless casts or variables.