While working on strftime I noticed some constants were being defined in
unexpected places. One thing led to another, and I ended up doing a
major cleanup of the time functions.

What's included:
All uses of <time.h> in /src and /test removed (except for LibcTest.cpp)
The various time constants have been moved to time_constants.h, and the
`time_constants` namespace.
struct tm gets its own type indirection header now.

This is a part of #97655.

Reverts llvm/llvm-project#98075

bots are broken

This is a part of #97655.

This is step 4 of
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-customizable-namespace-to-allow-testing-the-libc-when-the-system-libc-is-also-llvms-libc/73079

This patch applies the lint rules described in the previous patch. There
was also a significant amount of effort put into manually fixing things,
since all of the templated functions, or structs defined in /spec, were
not updated and had to be handled manually.

Reviewed By: sivachandra, lntue

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D114302

[libc] Introduce asctime, asctime_r to LLVM libc

asctime and asctime_r share the same common code. They call asctime_internal
a static inline function.

asctime uses snprintf to return the string representation in a buffer.
It uses the following format (26 characters is the buffer size) as per
7.27.3.1 section in http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2478.pdf.
The buf parameter for asctime_r shall point to a buffer of at least 26 bytes.

snprintf(buf, 26, "%.3s %.3s%3d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d %d\n",...)

Reviewed By: sivachandra

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D99686