Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Closes #159614

**Changes:**
- Initial implementation of rsqrt for single precision float

**Some small unrelated style changes to this PR (that I missed in my
rsqrtf16 PR):**
- Added extra - to the top comments to make it look nicer in
libc/shared/math/rsqrtf16.h
- Put rsqrtf16 inside of libc/src/__support/math/CMakeLists.txt in
sorted order
- Rearanged libc_math_function rsqrtf16 in Bazel to match alphabetical
order

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450

Summary:
This was originally kept separate so it didn't pollute the name space,
but now I'm thinking it's just easier to bundle it in with the default
interface. This means that we'll have a bit of extra code for people
using the server.h file to handle libc opcodes, but it's minimal (3
functions) and it simplifies this.

I'm doing this because I'm hoping to move the GPU tester binary to
liboffload which handles `libc` opcodes internally except these. This is
the easier option compared to adding a hook to register custom handlers
there.

Part of #147386

in preparation for: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-make-clang-builtin-math-functions-constexpr-with-llvm-libc-to-support-c-23-constexpr-math-functions/86450