The printf parser uses errno for setting up the %m conversion. It was
presumably getting this include indirectly until a recent change. This
patch adds a direct dependency to fix it.

With some header fix forward for GPU builds.

Summary:
Recent changes added an include path in the float128 type that used the
internal `libc` path to find the macro. This doesn't work once it's
installed because we need to search from the root of the install dir.
This patch adds "include/" to the include path so that our inclusion
of installed headers always match the internal use.

This patch adds the r, R, k, and K conversion specifiers to printf, with
accompanying tests. They are guarded behind the
LIBC_COPT_PRINTF_DISABLE_FIXED_POINT flag as well as automatic fixed
point support detection.

This one might be a bit controversial since the terminology has been
introduced from the start but I think `FRACTION_LEN` is a better name
here. AFAICT it really is "the number of bits after the decimal dot when
the number is in normal form."

`MANTISSA_WIDTH` is less precise as it's unclear whether we take the
leading bit into account.
This patch also renames most of the properties to use the `_LEN` suffix
and fixes useless casts or variables.

Recent testing has uncovered some hard-to-find bugs in printf's long
double support. This patch adds an extra long double path to the fuzzer
with minimal extra effort. While a more thorough long double fuzzer
would be useful, it would need to handle the non-standard cases of 80
bit long doubles such as unnormal and pseudo-denormal numbers. For that
reason, a standalone long double fuzzer is left for future development.

This is step 4 of
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-customizable-namespace-to-allow-testing-the-libc-when-the-system-libc-is-also-llvms-libc/73079

Summary:
The parser class for stdio currently accepts different argument
providers. In-tree this is only used for a fuzzer test, however, the
proposed implementation of the GPU handling of printf / scanf will
require custom argument handlers. This makes the current approach of
using a preprocessor macro messier. This path proposed folding this
logic into a template instantiation. The downside to this is that
because the implementation of the parser class is placed into an
implementation file we need to manually instantiate the needed templates
which will slightly bloat binary size. Alternatively we could remove the
implementation file, or key off of the `libc` external packaging macro
so it is not present in the installed version.

To guarantee accuracy for all potential float values, this patch adds a
fuzzer to compare the results for float conversions from our printf
against MPFR's.

Reviewed By: lntue

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D156495

The goal is to fuzz the entirety of printf, but the plan is to do it in
pieces for simplicity. This test fuzzes just the parser, while later
tests will fuzz the converters. This also adds a mock version of the
arg_list class.

Reviewed By: sivachandra

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D143784