Add `CLOCKS_PER_SEC` and the older `CLK_TCK`. Allows the user to define
a `__CLK_TCK` to override if necessary.

Also add an extra column for embedded AArch64 in `time.rst`

- Implementation of atan (tan inverse) function for 16-bit inputs.
- Exhaustive tests across the 16-bit input range

We reduce computation of `acos` to `asin` as follow:

When `|x| < 0.5`:
```math
acos(x) = \frac{\pi}{2} - asin(x).
```
For `0.5 <= |x| < 1`, let
```math
u = \frac{1 - \left| x \right|}{2},
```
then
```math
acos(x) = \begin{cases}
  2 \cdot asin \left( \sqrt{u} \right) &, 0.5 \leq x < 1 \\
  \pi - 2 \cdot asin \left( \sqrt{u} \right) &, -1 < x \leq 0.5 
\end{cases}
```

Main algorithm:

The Taylor series expansion of `asin(x)` is:
```math
\begin{align*}
  asin(x) &= x + x^3 / 6 + 3x^5 / 40 + ... \\
       &= x \cdot P(x^2) \\
       &= x \cdot P(u) &\text{, where } u = x^2.
\end{align*}
```
For the fast path, we perform range reduction mod 1/64 and use degree-7
(minimax + Taylor) polynomials to approximate `P(x^2)`.

When `|x| >= 0.5`, we use the transformation:
```math
  u = \frac{1 + x}{2}
```
and apply half-angle formula to reduce `asin(x)` to:
```math
\begin{align*}
  asin(x) &= sign(x) \cdot \left( \frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot asin(\sqrt{u}) \right) \\
       &= sign(x) \cdot \left( \frac{\pi}{2} - 2 \cdot \sqrt{u} \cdot P(u) \right).
\end{align*}
```
Since `0.5 <= |x| <= 1`, `|u| <= 0.5`. So we can reuse the polynomial
evaluation of `P(u)` when `|x| < 0.5`.

For the accurate path, we redo the computations in 128-bit precision
with degree-15 (minimax + Taylor) polynomials to approximate `P(u)`.

This PR implements the following 8 functions along with the tests.

```c++
int idivr(fract, fract);
long int idivlr(long fract, long fract);
int idivk(accum, accum);
long int idivlk(long accum, long accum);

unsigned int idivur(unsigned fract, unsigned fract);
unsigned long int idivulr(unsigned long fract, unsigned long fract);
unsigned int idivuk(unsigned accum, unsigned accum);
unsigned long int idivulk(unsigned long accum, unsigned long accum);
```

ref: https://www.iso.org/standard/51126.html

Fixes #129125

---------

Signed-off-by: krishna2803 <kpandey81930@gmail.com>

Implementation of atanhf16 function for 16-bit inputs.

Closes: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/132209

Addresses #132211  #132754
Part of #95250

Part of https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/131642.

Implement hypot for Float16 along with tests.

Implement asinh for Float16 along with tests. Closes #131001