This enables the AMDGPU specific implementation of `printf` when
compiling for AMDGCN flavoured SPIR-V, the consequence being that the
expansion into ROCDL calls & friends gets expanded before "lowering" to
SPIR-V and gets carried through. The only relatively "novel" aspect is
that the `callAppendStringN` is simplified to take the type of the
passed in arguments, as opposed to querying them from the module. This
is a neutral change since the arguments were passed directly to the
call, without any attempt to cast them, hence the assumption that the
actual types match the formal ones was already baked in.

These were all tests where no manual fixup was required.

This adds -no-opaque-pointers to clang tests whose output will
change when opaque pointers are enabled by default. This is
intended to be part of the migration approach described in
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/enabling-opaque-pointers-by-default/61322/9.

The patch has been produced by replacing %clang_cc1 with
%clang_cc1 -no-opaque-pointers for tests that fail with opaque
pointers enabled. Worth noting that this doesn't cover all tests,
there's a remaining ~40 tests not using %clang_cc1 that will need
a followup change.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123115

Summary:
This change implements the expansion in two parts:
- Add a utility function emitAMDGPUPrintfCall() in LLVM.
- Invoke the above function from Clang CodeGen, when processing a HIP
  program for the AMDGPU target.

The printf expansion has undefined behaviour if the format string is
not a compile-time constant. As a sufficient condition, the HIP
ToolChain now emits -Werror=format-nonliteral.

Reviewed By: arsenm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D71365