GCC supports three flags related to overflow behavior:
 * `-fwrapv`: Makes signed integer overflow well-defined.
 * `-fwrapv-pointer`: Makes pointer overflow well-defined.
* `-fno-strict-overflow`: Implies `-fwrapv -fwrapv-pointer`, making both
signed integer overflow and pointer overflow well-defined.

Clang currently only supports `-fno-strict-overflow` and `-fwrapv`, but
not `-fwrapv-pointer`.

This PR proposes to introduce `-fwrapv-pointer` and adjust the semantics
of `-fwrapv` to match GCC.

This allows signed integer overflow and pointer overflow to be
controlled independently, while `-fno-strict-overflow` still exists to
control both at the same time (and that option is consistent across GCC
and Clang).

Add nuw attribute to inbounds GEPs where the expression used to form the
GEP is an addition of unsigned indices.

Relands #105496, which was reverted because it exposed a miscompilation
arising from #98608. This is now fixed by #106512.

Reverts llvm/llvm-project#105496

This patch breaks:
https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/25/builds/1952
https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot/#/builders/52/builds/1775

Somehow output is different with sanitizers.
Maybe non-determinism in the code?

Add nuw attribute to inbounds GEPs where the expression used to form the
GEP is an addition of unsigned indices.

Clang has a `signed-integer-overflow` sanitizer to catch arithmetic
overflow; however, most of its instrumentation [fails to
apply](https://godbolt.org/z/ee41rE8o6) when `-fwrapv` is enabled; this
is by design.

The Linux kernel enables `-fno-strict-overflow` which implies `-fwrapv`.
This means we are [currently unable to detect signed-integer
wrap-around](https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/26). All the while,
the root cause of many security vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel is
[arithmetic overflow](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/190.html).

To work around this and enhance the functionality of
`-fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow`, we instrument signed arithmetic
even if the signed overflow behavior is defined.

Co-authored-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>

We have a new policy in place making links to private resources
something we try to avoid in source and test files. Normally, we'd
organically switch to the new policy rather than make a sweeping change
across a project. However, Clang is in a somewhat special circumstance
currently: recently, I've had several new contributors run into rdar
links around test code which their patch was changing the behavior of.
This turns out to be a surprisingly bad experience, especially for
newer folks, for a handful of reasons: not understanding what the link
is and feeling intimidated by it, wondering whether their changes are
actually breaking something important to a downstream in some way,
having to hunt down strangers not involved with the patch to impose on
them for help, accidental pressure from asking for potentially private
IP to be made public, etc. Because folks run into these links entirely
by chance (through fixing bugs or working on new features), there's not
really a set of problematic links to focus on -- all of the links have
basically the same potential for causing these problems. As a result,
this is an omnibus patch to remove all such links.

This was not a mechanical change; it was done by manually searching for
rdar, radar, radr, and other variants to find all the various
problematic links. From there, I tried to retain or reword the
surrounding comments so that we would lose as little context as
possible. However, because most links were just a plain link with no
supporting context, the majority of the changes are simple removals.

Differential Review: https://reviews.llvm.org/D158071

This reverts commit d618f1c3b12effd0c2bdb7d02108d3551f389d3d.
This commit wasn't reviewed ahead of time and significant concerns were
raised immediately after it landed. According to our developer policy
this warrants immediate revert of the commit.

https://llvm.org/docs/DeveloperPolicy.html#patch-reversion-policy

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D155509

This removes links to rdar, which is an internal bug tracker that the
community doesn't have visibility into.

See further discussion at:
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/code-review-reminder-about-links-in-code-commit-messages/71847

Conversion performed using the script at:
https://gist.github.com/nikic/98357b71fd67756b0f064c9517b62a34

These are only tests where no manual fixup was required.

This adds -no-opaque-pointers to clang tests whose output will
change when opaque pointers are enabled by default. This is
intended to be part of the migration approach described in
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/enabling-opaque-pointers-by-default/61322/9.

The patch has been produced by replacing %clang_cc1 with
%clang_cc1 -no-opaque-pointers for tests that fail with opaque
pointers enabled. Worth noting that this doesn't cover all tests,
there's a remaining ~40 tests not using %clang_cc1 that will need
a followup change.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123115