Follow up to
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/2264544e2d13957f36fd19864d9633a3278a9d74

We have reworked the bitcode linking option to no longer link twice if
post-optimization linking is requested. As such, we no longer need to
conditionally link bitcodes supplied via -mlink-bitcode-file, as there
is no danger of linking them twice

In this patch, we create a new ModulePass that mimics the LinkInModules
API from CodeGenAction.cpp, and a new command line option to enable the
pass. As part of the implementation, we needed to refactor the
BackendConsumer class definition into a new separate header (instead of
embedded in CodeGenAction.cpp). With this new pass, we can now re-link
bitcodes supplied via the -mlink-built-in bitcodes as part of the
RunOptimizationPipeline.

With the re-linking pass, we now handle cases where new device library
functions are introduced as part of the optimization pipeline.
Previously, these newly introduced functions (for example a fused sincos
call) would result in a linking error due to a missing function
definition. This new pass can be initiated via:

      -mllvm -relink-builtin-bitcode-postop

Also note we intentionally exclude bitcodes supplied via the
-mlink-bitcode-file option from the second linking step