Update the codegen for the the dynamic_cast to a final class
optimization when pointer authentication is enabled.

And make use of those.

These changes are split from prior PR #155028, in order to decrease the
size of that PR and facilitate review.

This changes a bunch of places which use getAs<TagType>, including
derived types, just to obtain the tag definition.

This is preparation for #155028, offloading all the changes that PR used
to introduce which don't depend on any new helpers.

This is a major change on how we represent nested name qualifications in
the AST.

* The nested name specifier itself and how it's stored is changed. The
prefixes for types are handled within the type hierarchy, which makes
canonicalization for them super cheap, no memory allocation required.
Also translating a type into nested name specifier form becomes a no-op.
An identifier is stored as a DependentNameType. The nested name
specifier gains a lightweight handle class, to be used instead of
passing around pointers, which is similar to what is implemented for
TemplateName. There is still one free bit available, and this handle can
be used within a PointerUnion and PointerIntPair, which should keep
bit-packing aficionados happy.
* The ElaboratedType node is removed, all type nodes in which it could
previously apply to can now store the elaborated keyword and name
qualifier, tail allocating when present.
* TagTypes can now point to the exact declaration found when producing
these, as opposed to the previous situation of there only existing one
TagType per entity. This increases the amount of type sugar retained,
and can have several applications, for example in tracking module
ownership, and other tools which care about source file origins, such as
IWYU. These TagTypes are lazily allocated, in order to limit the
increase in AST size.

This patch offers a great performance benefit.

It greatly improves compilation time for
[stdexec](https://github.com/NVIDIA/stdexec). For one datapoint, for
`test_on2.cpp` in that project, which is the slowest compiling test,
this patch improves `-c` compilation time by about 7.2%, with the
`-fsyntax-only` improvement being at ~12%.

This has great results on compile-time-tracker as well:

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/700dce98-2cab-4aa8-97d1-b038c0bee831)

This patch also further enables other optimziations in the future, and
will reduce the performance impact of template specialization resugaring
when that lands.

It has some other miscelaneous drive-by fixes.

About the review: Yes the patch is huge, sorry about that. Part of the
reason is that I started by the nested name specifier part, before the
ElaboratedType part, but that had a huge performance downside, as
ElaboratedType is a big performance hog. I didn't have the steam to go
back and change the patch after the fact.

There is also a lot of internal API changes, and it made sense to remove
ElaboratedType in one go, versus removing it from one type at a time, as
that would present much more churn to the users. Also, the nested name
specifier having a different API avoids missing changes related to how
prefixes work now, which could make existing code compile but not work.

How to review: The important changes are all in
`clang/include/clang/AST` and `clang/lib/AST`, with also important
changes in `clang/lib/Sema/TreeTransform.h`.

The rest and bulk of the changes are mostly consequences of the changes
in API.

PS: TagType::getDecl is renamed to `getOriginalDecl` in this patch, just
for easier to rebasing. I plan to rename it back after this lands.

Fixes #136624
Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/43179
Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/68670
Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/92757

This corrects the codegen for the final class optimization to
correct handle the case where there is no path to perform the
cast, and also corrects the codegen to handle ptrauth protected
vtable pointers.

As part of this fix we separate out the path computation as
that makes it easier to reason about the failure code paths
and more importantly means we can know what the type of the
this object is during the cast.

The allows us to use the GetVTablePointer interface which
correctly performs the authentication operations required when
pointer authentication is enabled. This still leaves incorrect
authentication behavior in the multiple inheritance case but
currently the optimization is disabled entirely if pointer
authentication is enabled.

Fixes #137518

The codegen for the final class dynamic_cast optimization fails to
consider pointer authentication. This change resolves this be simply
disabling the optimization when pointer authentication enabled.

CodeGenFunction::EmitCXXDeleteExpr contains logic to go from a pointer
to an array to a pointer to the first element of the array using a
getelementptr LLVM IR instruction. This was done for pointers that were
not variable length arrays, as pointers to variable length arrays never
existed in LLVM IR, but rather than checking for arrays that were not
variable length arrays, it checked for arrays that had a constant bound.
This caused incomplete arrays to be inadvertently omitted.

This getelementptr was necessary back when LLVM IR used typed pointers,
but they have been gone for a while, a gep with a constant zero offset
does nothing now, so we can simplify the code by removing that.

The CallDeleteDuringNew::PassTypeToPlacementDelete field became unneeded
during the many refactorings of P2719 but I didn't actually remove it.