Ensure we have the correct RecordDecl before returning the Expr we're
looking for.

Fix counted_by attribute for cases where the flexible array member is
accessed through struct pointer inside another struct:

```
struct variable {
        int a;
        int b;
        int length;
        short array[] __attribute__((counted_by(length)));
};

struct bucket {
        int a;
        struct variable *growable;
        int b;
};
```

__builtin_dynamic_object_size(p->growable->array, 0);

This commit makes sure that if the StructBase is both a MemberExpr and a
pointer, it is treated as a pointer. Otherwise clang will generate to
code to access the address of p->growable intead of loading the value of
p->growable->length.

Fixes #110385

Make Constant Arrays in HLSL assignable. 
Closes #109043

`Type::getPointerTo()` is to be removed soon.

This also removes the whole code section for "C99 6.5.2.2p6"; It's
essentially a no-op since llvm uses opaque pointers.

On some targets, an FP libcall with argument types such as long double
will be lowered to pass arguments indirectly via pointers. When this is
the case we should not mark the libcall with "int" TBAA as it may lead
to incorrect optimizations.

Currently, this can be seen for long doubles on x86_64-w64-mingw32. The
`load x86_fp80` after the call is (incorrectly) marked with "int" TBAA
(overwriting the previous metadata for "long double").

Nothing seems to break due to this currently as the metadata is being
incorrectly placed on the load and not the call. But if the metadata
is moved to the call (which this patch ensures), LLVM will optimize out
the setup for the arguments.

This patch is the frontend implementation of the coroutine elide
improvement project detailed in this discourse post:
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/language-extension-for-better-more-deterministic-halo-for-c-coroutines/80044

This patch proposes a C++ struct/class attribute
`[[clang::coro_await_elidable]]`. This notion of await elidable task
gives developers and library authors a certainty that coroutine heap
elision happens in a predictable way.

Originally, after we lower a coroutine to LLVM IR, CoroElide is
responsible for analysis of whether an elision can happen. Take this as
an example:
```
Task foo();
Task bar() {
  co_await foo();
}
```
For CoroElide to happen, the ramp function of `foo` must be inlined into
`bar`. This inlining happens after `foo` has been split but `bar` is
usually still a presplit coroutine. If `foo` is indeed a coroutine, the
inlined `coro.id` intrinsics of `foo` is visible within `bar`. CoroElide
then runs an analysis to figure out whether the SSA value of
`coro.begin()` of `foo` gets destroyed before `bar` terminates.

`Task` types are rarely simple enough for the destroy logic of the task
to reference the SSA value from `coro.begin()` directly. Hence, the pass
is very ineffective for even the most trivial C++ Task types. Improving
CoroElide by implementing more powerful analyses is possible, however it
doesn't give us the predictability when we expect elision to happen.

The approach we want to take with this language extension generally
originates from the philosophy that library implementations of `Task`
types has the control over the structured concurrency guarantees we
demand for elision to happen. That is, the lifetime for the callee's
frame is shorter to that of the caller.

The ``[[clang::coro_await_elidable]]`` is a class attribute which can be
applied to a coroutine return type.

When a coroutine function that returns such a type calls another
coroutine function, the compiler performs heap allocation elision when
the following conditions are all met:
- callee coroutine function returns a type that is annotated with
``[[clang::coro_await_elidable]]``.
- In caller coroutine, the return value of the callee is a prvalue that
is immediately `co_await`ed.

From the C++ perspective, it makes sense because we can ensure the
lifetime of elided callee cannot exceed that of the caller if we can
guarantee that the caller coroutine is never destroyed earlier than the
callee coroutine. This is not generally true for any C++ programs.
However, the library that implements `Task` types and executors may
provide this guarantee to the compiler, providing the user with
certainty that HALO will work on their programs.

After this patch, when compiling coroutines that return a type with such
attribute, the frontend checks that the type of the operand of
`co_await` expressions (not `operator co_await`). If it's also
attributed with `[[clang::coro_await_elidable]]`, the FE emits metadata
on the call or invoke instruction as a hint for a later middle end pass
to elide the elision.

The original patch version is
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/94693 and as suggested, the
patch is split into frontend and middle end solutions into stacked PRs.

The middle end CoroSplit patch can be found at
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/99283
The middle end transformation that performs the elide can be found at
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/99285

HLSL output parameters are denoted with the `inout` and `out` keywords
in the function declaration. When an argument to an output parameter is
constructed a temporary value is constructed for the argument.

For `inout` pamameters the argument is initialized via copy-initialization
from the argument lvalue expression to the parameter type. For `out`
parameters the argument is not initialized before the call.

In both cases on return of the function the temporary value is written
back to the argument lvalue expression through an implicit assignment
binary operator with casting as required.

This change introduces a new HLSLOutArgExpr ast node which represents
the output argument behavior. The OutArgExpr has three defined children:
- An OpaqueValueExpr of the argument lvalue expression.
- An OpaqueValueExpr of the copy-initialized parameter.
- A BinaryOpExpr assigning the first with the value of the second.

Fixes #87526

---------

Co-authored-by: Damyan Pepper <damyanp@microsoft.com>
Co-authored-by: John McCall <rjmccall@gmail.com>

As per [1] the indices for a matrix element access operator shall have
integral or unscoped enumeration types and be non-negative. At the
moment, the index expression is converted to SizeType irrespective of
the signedness of the index expression. This causes implicit sign
conversion warnings if any of the indices is signed.

As per the spec, using signed types as indices is allowed and should not
cause any warnings. If the index expression is signed, extend to
SignedSizeType to avoid the warning.

[1]
https://clang.llvm.org/docs/MatrixTypes.html#matrix-type-element-access-operator

PR: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/103044

Without this patch compiler-rt ubsan library has a bug displaying
incorrect values for variables of the _BitInt (previously called
_ExtInt) type. This patch affects affects both: generation of metadata
inside code generator and runtime part. The runtime part provided only
for i386 and x86_64 runtimes. Other runtimes should be updated to take
full benefit of this patch.
The patch is constructed the way to be backward compatible and int and
float type runtime diagnostics should be unaffected for not yet updated
runtimes.

This patch fixes issue
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/64100.

Co-authored-by: Eänolituri Lómitaurë <vladislav.aranov@ericsson.com>
Co-authored-by: Aaron Ballman <aaron@aaronballman.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul Kirth <paulkirth@google.com>