And make use of those.

These changes are split from prior PR #155028, in order to decrease the
size of that PR and facilitate review.

This changes a bunch of places which use getAs<TagType>, including
derived types, just to obtain the tag definition.

This is preparation for #155028, offloading all the changes that PR used
to introduce which don't depend on any new helpers.

Fixes a bug on AMDGPU targets where a pointer was stored as address
space 5, but then loaded as address space 0.

Issue found as part of [Kokkos](https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos)
testing, specifically `hip.atomics` (see
[core/unit_test/TestAtomics.hpp](https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos/blob/develop/core/unit_test/TestAtomics.hpp)).

Issue was introduced by commit
[39ec9de7c230](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/39ec9de7c230)
- [clang][CodeGen] sret args should always point to the alloca AS, so
use that (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/114062).

This is a major change on how we represent nested name qualifications in
the AST.

* The nested name specifier itself and how it's stored is changed. The
prefixes for types are handled within the type hierarchy, which makes
canonicalization for them super cheap, no memory allocation required.
Also translating a type into nested name specifier form becomes a no-op.
An identifier is stored as a DependentNameType. The nested name
specifier gains a lightweight handle class, to be used instead of
passing around pointers, which is similar to what is implemented for
TemplateName. There is still one free bit available, and this handle can
be used within a PointerUnion and PointerIntPair, which should keep
bit-packing aficionados happy.
* The ElaboratedType node is removed, all type nodes in which it could
previously apply to can now store the elaborated keyword and name
qualifier, tail allocating when present.
* TagTypes can now point to the exact declaration found when producing
these, as opposed to the previous situation of there only existing one
TagType per entity. This increases the amount of type sugar retained,
and can have several applications, for example in tracking module
ownership, and other tools which care about source file origins, such as
IWYU. These TagTypes are lazily allocated, in order to limit the
increase in AST size.

This patch offers a great performance benefit.

It greatly improves compilation time for
[stdexec](https://github.com/NVIDIA/stdexec). For one datapoint, for
`test_on2.cpp` in that project, which is the slowest compiling test,
this patch improves `-c` compilation time by about 7.2%, with the
`-fsyntax-only` improvement being at ~12%.

This has great results on compile-time-tracker as well:

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/700dce98-2cab-4aa8-97d1-b038c0bee831)

This patch also further enables other optimziations in the future, and
will reduce the performance impact of template specialization resugaring
when that lands.

It has some other miscelaneous drive-by fixes.

About the review: Yes the patch is huge, sorry about that. Part of the
reason is that I started by the nested name specifier part, before the
ElaboratedType part, but that had a huge performance downside, as
ElaboratedType is a big performance hog. I didn't have the steam to go
back and change the patch after the fact.

There is also a lot of internal API changes, and it made sense to remove
ElaboratedType in one go, versus removing it from one type at a time, as
that would present much more churn to the users. Also, the nested name
specifier having a different API avoids missing changes related to how
prefixes work now, which could make existing code compile but not work.

How to review: The important changes are all in
`clang/include/clang/AST` and `clang/lib/AST`, with also important
changes in `clang/lib/Sema/TreeTransform.h`.

The rest and bulk of the changes are mostly consequences of the changes
in API.

PS: TagType::getDecl is renamed to `getOriginalDecl` in this patch, just
for easier to rebasing. I plan to rename it back after this lands.

Fixes #136624
Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/43179
Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/68670
Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/92757

Now that #149310 has restricted lifetime intrinsics to only work on
allocas, we can also drop the explicit size argument. Instead, the size
is implied by the alloca.

This removes the ability to only mark a prefix of an alloca alive/dead.
We never used that capability, so we should remove the need to handle
that possibility everywhere (though many key places, including stack
coloring, did not actually respect this).

Forward SourceLocation to `EmitCall` so that clang triggers an error
when a function inside `[[gnu::cleanup(func)]]` is annotated with
`[[gnu::error("some message")]]`.

resolves #146520

This extends https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/138577 to more UBSan checks, by changing SanitizerDebugLocation (formerly SanitizerScope) to add annotations if enabled for the specified ordinals.

Annotations will use the ordinal name if there is exactly one ordinal specified in the SanitizerDebugLocation; otherwise, it will use the handler name.

Updates the tests from https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/141814.

---------

Co-authored-by: Vitaly Buka <vitalybuka@google.com>

The InstrProf headers are very expensive. Avoid including them in all of
CodeGen/ by moving the CodeGenPGO member behind a unqiue_ptr.

This reduces clang build time by 0.8%.