This will be used to consolidate the libgcc_s access for backtrace
and pthread_cancel.

Unlike the existing backtrace implementations, it provides some
hardening based on pointer mangling.

Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>

The variable is placed in libc.so, and it can be true only in
an outer libc, not libcs loaded via dlmopen or static dlopen.
Since thread creation from inner namespaces does not work,
pthread_create can update __libc_single_threaded directly.

Using __libc_early_init and its initial flag, implementation of this
variable is very straightforward.  A future version may reset the flag
during fork (but not in an inner namespace), or after joining all
threads except one.

Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>

The twalk function is very difficult to use in a multi-threaded
program because there is no way to pass external state to the
iterator function.

Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>

This patch adds internal definition (through {libc_}hidden_{proto,def}) and
also change some strong to weak alias for symbols that might be used by C11
threads implementations.

The patchset should not change libc/libpthread functional, although object
changes are expected (since now internal symbols are used instead) and final
exported symbols through GLIBC_PRIVATE is also expanded (to cover libpthread
usage of __mmap{64}, __munmap, __mprotect).

Checked with a build for all major ABI (aarch64-linux-gnu, alpha-linux-gnu,
arm-linux-gnueabi, i386-linux-gnu, ia64-linux-gnu, m68k-linux-gnu,
microblaze-linux-gnu [1], mips{64}-linux-gnu, nios2-linux-gnu,
powerpc{64le}-linux-gnu, s390{x}-linux-gnu, sparc{64}-linux-gnu,
tile{pro,gx}-linux-gnu, and x86_64-linux-gnu).

	* include/sched.h (__sched_get_priority_max): Add libc hidden proto.
	(__sched_get_prioriry_min): Likewise.
	* include/sys/mman.h (__mmap): Likewise.
	(__mmap64): Likewise.
	(__munmap): Likewise.
	(__mprotect): Likewise.
	* include/termios.h (__tcsetattr): Likewise.
	* include/time.h (__nanosleep): Use hidden_proto instead of
	libc_hidden_proto.
	* posix/nanosleep.c (__nanosleep): Likewise.
	* misc/Versions (libc): Export __mmap, __munmap, __mprotect,
	__sched_get_priority_min, and __sched_get_priority_max under
	GLIBC_PRIVATE.
	* nptl/allocatestack.c (__free_stacks): Use internal definition for
	libc symbols.
	(change_stack_perm): Likewise.
	(allocate_stack): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/posix/gethostname.c: Likewise.
	* nptl/tpp.c (__init_sched_fifo_prio): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/smp.h (is_smp_system): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/ioctl.c (__ioctl): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthreadP.h (__pthread_mutex_timedlock): Add definition.
	(__pthread_key_delete): Likewise.
	(__pthread_detach): Likewise.
	(__pthread_cancel): Likewise.
	(__pthread_mutex_trylock): Likewise.
	(__pthread_mutexattr_init): Likewise.
	(__pthread_mutexattr_settype): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_cancel.c (pthread_cancel): Change to internal name and
	create alias for exported one.
	* nptl/pthread_join.c (pthread_join): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_detach.c (pthread_detach): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_key_delete.c (pthread_key_delete): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutex_timedlock.c (pthread_mutex_timedlock): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_create.c: Change static requirements for pthread
	symbols.
	* nptl/pthread_equal.c (__pthread_equal): Change strong alias to weak
	for internal definition.
	* nptl/pthread_exit.c (__pthread_exit): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_getspecific.c (__pthread_getspecific): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_key_create.c (__pthread_key_create): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutex_destroy.c (__pthread_mutex_destroy): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutex_init.c (__pthread_mutex_init): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c (__pthread_mutex_lock): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutex_trylock.c (__pthread_mutex_trylock): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutex_unlock.c (__pthread_mutex_unlock): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutexattr_init.c (__pthread_mutexattr_init): Likwise.
	* nptl/pthread_mutexattr_settype.c (__pthread_mutexattr_settype):
	Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_self.c (__pthread_self): Likewise.
	* nptl/pthread_setspecific.c (__pthread_setspecific): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/tcsetattr.c (tcsetattr): Likewise.
	* misc/mmap.c (__mmap): Add internal symbol definition.
	* misc/mmap.c (__mmap64): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mmap.c (__mmap): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mmap64.c (__mmap): Likewise.
	(__mmap64): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/Versions (libc) [GLIBC_PRIVATE):
	Add __uname.

This patch adds support of preadv2 and pwritev2 which are similar to
preadv/pwritev but with an extra flag argument.  As for preadv/pwritev
both interfaces are added a non-standard GNU API.

For default 'posix' implementation trying to emulate the Linux supported
flags is troublesome:

   * We can not temporary change the file state of the O_DSYNC and O_SYNC
     flags to emulate RWF_{D}SYNC (attempts to change the state of using
     fcntl are silently ignored).

   * IOCB_HIPRI requires the file opened in O_DIRECT and uses an internal
     semantic not provided by any other flag (O_NONBLOCK for instance).

So default sysdeps/posix implementations fails with EOPNOTSUPP for any non
supported flag (which are none currently) calls generic preadv/pwritev.
Basically this implementation supports only preadv2 called as preadv (with
flags sets to 0).

The Linux one uses the preadv2/pwritev2 syscall if defined, otherwise it
call preadv/writev.  Instead of using the previous __ASSUME_* to
unconditionally issue the syscall (and avoid building the fallback routine),
it call pread/write if the preadv2/pwritev2 syscalls fails.  The idea
is just avoid adding another __ASSUME_* and checking each architecture
on every kernel bump and simplify code conditionals.

Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu and on i686-linux-gnu and a check with
run-built-tests=no on aarch64-linux-gnu, alpha-linux-gnu, arm-linux-gnueabihf,
ia64-linux-gnu, m68k-linux-gnu, microblaze-linux-gnu, mips{64,64n32}-linux-gnu,
nios2-linux-gnu, powerpc{64,64le}-linux-gnu, s390{x}-linux-gnu,
sparc{64,v9}-linux-gnu, tile{gx,pro}-linux-gnu, and sh4-linux-gnu (all using
gcc 6.3).

	* NEWS: Add note about pwritev2 and preadv2 inclusion.
	* misc/Makefile (routines): Add preadv2, preadv64v2, pwritev2, and
	pwritev64v2.
	(tests): Add tst-preadvwritev2 and tst-preadvwritev64v2.
	* misc/Versions (GLIBC_2.26): Add preadv2, preadv64v2, pwritev2, and
	pwritev64v2.
	* misc/preadv2.c: New file.
	* misc/preadv64v2.c: Likewise.
	* misc/pwritev2.c: Likewise.
	* misc/pwritev64v2.c: Likewise.
	* misc/tst-preadvwritev2.c: Likewise.
	* misc/tst-preadvwritev64v2.c: Likewise.
	* manual/llio.texi: Add preadv2 and pwritev2 documentation.
	* misc/sys/uio.h [__USE_GNU && !__USE_FILE_OFFSET64] (preadv2): New
	prototype.
	[__USE_GNU && !__USE_FILE_OFFSET64] (pwritev2):	Likewise.
	[__USE_GNU && __USE_FILE_OFFSET64] (preadv64v2): Likewise.
	[__USE_GNU && __USE_FILE_OFFSET64] (pwritev64v2): Likewise.
	* misc/tst-preadvwritev-common.c (PREADV): Define if not defined.
	(PWRITEV): Likewise.
	(do_test_with_offset): Use PREADV and PWRITEV macros and check for
	ENOSYS.
	* nptl/tst-cancel4.c (tf_pwritev2): New test.
	(tf_preadv2): Likewise.
	(tf_fsync): Add tf_pwritev2 and tf_preadv2.
	* sysdeps/posix/preadv2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/posix/preadv64v2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/posix/pwritev2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/posix/pwritev64v2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-features.h: Add comment for syscall
	support in kernel.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/preadv2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/preadv64v2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pwritev2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pwritev64v2.c: Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/preadv.c (preadv): Add libc_hidden_def.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/preadv64.c (preadv64): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pwritev.c (pwritev): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pwritev64.c (pwritev64): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/bits/uio.h: Add supported preadv2/pwritev2
	support flags on Linux.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/aarch64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Add
	preadv2, preadv64v2, pwritev2, pwritev64v2.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/alpha/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/arm/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/hppa/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/ia64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/m68k/coldfire/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/m68k/m680x0/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/microblaze/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips32/fpu/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips32/nofpu/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips64/n32/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips64/n64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/nios2/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc32/fpu/libc.abilist
	(GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc32/nofpu/libc.abilist
	(GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc64/libc-le.abilist
	(GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/s390/s390-32/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/s390/s390-64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sh/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26): Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sparc/sparc32/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sparc/sparc64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/sysv/linux/tile/tilegx/tilegx32/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/sysv/linux/tile/tilegx/tilegx64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/tile/tilepro/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/64/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/x32/libc.abilist (GLIBC_2.26):
	Likewise.

Presently sys/sysmacros.h is entirely defined in sysdeps.  This would
mean that the deprecation logic coming up in the next patch would have
to be written twice (in generic/ and unix/sysv/linux/).  To avoid that,
hoist all but the unavoidably system-dependent logic to misc/, leaving a
bits/ header behind.  This also promotes the Linux-specific encoding of
dev_t, which accommodates 32-bit major and minor numbers in a 64-bit dev_t,
to generic, as glibc's dev_t is always 64 bits wide.

The former Linux implementation used inline functions to avoid evaluating
arguments more than once.  After this change, all platforms use inline
functions, which means that three new symbols are added to the generic ABI.
(These symbols are in the user namespace, which is how they have always
been on Linux.  They begin with "gnu_dev_", so collisions with user code
are pretty unlikely.)

New ports henceforth need only provide a bits/sysmacros.h defining
internal macros __SYSMACROS_{DECLARE,DEFINE}_{MAJOR,MINOR,MAKEDEV}.
This is only necessary if the kernel encoding is incompatible with
the now-generic encoding (for instance, it would be necessary for
FreeBSD).

While I was at it, I added a basic round-trip test for these functions.

	* sysdeps/generic/sys/sysmacros.h: Delete file.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/makedev.c: Delete file.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/sysmacros.h: Move file ...
	* bits/sysmacros.h: ... here; this encoding is now the generic
	encoding.  Now defines only the following macros:
	__SYSMACROS_DECLARE_MAJOR, __SYSMACROS_DEFINE_MAJOR,
	__SYSMACROS_DECLARE_MINOR, __SYSMACROS_DEFINE_MINOR,
	__SYSMACROS_DECLARE_MAKEDEV, __SYSMACROS_DEFINE_MAKEDEV.

	* misc/sys/sysmacros.h, misc/makedev.c: New files that use
	bits/sysmacros.h and the above new macros to generate the
	public implementations of major, minor, and makedev.
	* misc/tst-makedev.c: New test.
	* include/sys/sysmacros.h: New wrapper.

	* misc/Makefile (headers): Add sys/sysmacros.h, bits/sysmacros.h.
	(routines): Add makedev.
	(tests): Add tst-makedev.
	* misc/Versions [GLIBC_2.25]: Add gnu_dev_major, gnu_dev_minor,
	gnu_dev_makedev.
	* posix/Makefile (headers): Remove sys/sysmacros.h.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/Makefile (sysdep_routines): Remove makedev.

	* sysdeps/arm/nacl/libc.abilist: Add GLIBC_2.25,
	gnu_dev_major, gnu_dev_makedev, gnu_dev_minor.
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/aarch64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/alpha/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/arm/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/hppa/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/ia64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/m68k/coldfire/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/m68k/m680x0/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/microblaze/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips32/fpu/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips32/nofpu/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips64/n32/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/mips/mips64/n64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/nios2/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc32/fpu/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc32/nofpu/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc64/libc-le.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/powerpc/powerpc64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/s390/s390-32/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/s390/s390-64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sh/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sparc/sparc32/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sparc/sparc64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/tile/tilegx/tilegx32/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/tile/tilegx/tilegx64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/tile/tilepro/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/64/libc.abilist
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/x32/libc.abilist:
	Add GLIBC_2.25.

Since the new regexp.c code uses the GLIBC_2.23 symbol, make sure we
declare it to avoid warnings/errors.

The sem_* functions bring in references to tdelete, tfind, tsearch and
twalk.  But the t* functions are XSI-shaded, while sem_* aren't.  This
patch fixes this by using __t* instead, exporting those functions from
libc at version GLIBC_PRIVATE (since sem_* are in libpthread) and
using libc_hidden_* for the benefit of calls within libc.

Tested for x86_64 and x86 (testsuite, and comparison of disassembly of
installed stripped shared libraries).  libpthread gets changes from
PLT reordering; addresses in libc change because of PLT / dynamic
symbol table changes.

	[BZ #18536]
	* misc/tsearch.c (__tsearch): Use libc_hidden_def.
	(__tfind): Likewise.
	(__tdelete): Likewise.
	(__twalk): Likewise.
	* misc/Versions (libc): Add __tdelete, __tfind, __tsearch and
	__twalk to GLIBC_PRIVATE.
	* include/search.h (__tsearch): Use libc_hidden_proto.
	(__tfind): Likewise.
	(__tdelete): Likewise.
	(__twalk): Likewise.
	* nptl/sem_close.c (sem_close): Call __twalk instead of twalk.
	Call __tdelete instead of tdelete.
	* nptl/sem_open.c (check_add_mapping): Call __tfind instead of
	tfind.  Call __tsearch instead of tsearch.
	* sysdeps/sparc/sparc32/sem_open.c (check_add_mapping): Likewise.
	* conform/Makefile (test-xfail-POSIX/semaphore.h/linknamespace):
	Remove variable.
	(test-xfail-POSIX2008/semaphore.h/linknamespace): Likewise.