This patch replaces _dl_stack_flags global variable by
_dl_stack_prot_flags.
The advantage is that any convertion from p_flags to final used mprotect
flags occurs at loading of p_flags. It avoids repeated spurious
convertions of _dl_stack_flags, for example in allocate_thread_stack.

This modification was suggested in:
  https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2025-March/165537.html

Reviewed-by: Adhemerval Zanella  <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>

The unused macro definition in posix/glob.c comes from gnulib and will
have to be removed there.

This adds a test to ensure that the problems fixed in the last several
patches do not recur.  Each directory checks the headers that it
installs for two properties: first, each header must be compilable in
isolation, as both C and C++, under a representative combination of
language and library conformance levels; second, there is a blacklist
of identifiers that may not appear in any installed header, currently
consisting of the legacy BSD typedefs.  (There is an exemption for the
headers that define those typedefs, and for the RPC headers.  It may be
necessary to make this more sophisticated if we add more stuff to the
blacklist in the future.)

In order for this test to work correctly, every wrapper header
that actually defines something must guard those definitions with
 #ifndef _ISOMAC.  This is the existing mechanism used by the conform/
tests to tell wrapper headers not to define anything that the public
header wouldn't, and not to use anything from libc-symbols.h.  conform/
only cares for headers that we need to check for standards conformance,
whereas this test applies to *every* header.  (Headers in include/ that
are either installed directly, or are internal-use-only and do *not*
correspond to any installed header, are not affected.)

	* scripts/check-installed-headers.sh: New script.
	* Rules: In each directory that defines header files to be installed,
	run check-installed-headers.sh on them as a special test.
	* Makefile: Likewise for the headers installed at top level.

	* include/aliases.h, include/alloca.h, include/argz.h
	* include/arpa/nameser.h, include/arpa/nameser_compat.h
	* include/elf.h, include/envz.h, include/err.h
	* include/execinfo.h, include/fpu_control.h, include/getopt.h
	* include/gshadow.h, include/ifaddrs.h, include/libintl.h
	* include/link.h, include/malloc.h, include/mcheck.h
	* include/mntent.h, include/netinet/ether.h
	* include/nss.h, include/obstack.h, include/printf.h
	* include/pty.h, include/resolv.h, include/rpc/auth.h
	* include/rpc/auth_des.h, include/rpc/auth_unix.h
	* include/rpc/clnt.h, include/rpc/des_crypt.h
	* include/rpc/key_prot.h, include/rpc/netdb.h
	* include/rpc/pmap_clnt.h, include/rpc/pmap_prot.h
	* include/rpc/pmap_rmt.h, include/rpc/rpc.h
	* include/rpc/rpc_msg.h, include/rpc/svc.h
	* include/rpc/svc_auth.h, include/rpc/xdr.h
	* include/rpcsvc/nis_callback.h, include/rpcsvc/nislib.h
	* include/rpcsvc/yp.h, include/rpcsvc/ypclnt.h
	* include/rpcsvc/ypupd.h, include/shadow.h
	* include/stdio_ext.h, include/sys/epoll.h
	* include/sys/file.h, include/sys/gmon.h, include/sys/ioctl.h
	* include/sys/prctl.h, include/sys/profil.h
	* include/sys/statfs.h, include/sys/sysctl.h
	* include/sys/sysinfo.h, include/ttyent.h, include/utmp.h
	* sysdeps/arm/nacl/include/bits/setjmp.h
	* sysdeps/mips/include/sys/asm.h
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/include/sys/sysinfo.h
	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/include/sys/timex.h
	* sysdeps/x86/fpu/include/bits/fenv.h:
	Add #ifndef _ISOMAC guard around internal declarations.
	Add multiple-inclusion guard if not already present.

The stack-grows-down case is missing paren around the buf cast.

The stack-grows-up case is missing a cast with the buf assignment.
This leads to build failures due to -Werror:
vfprintf.c: In function '_IO_vfprintf_internal':
vfprintf.c:1738:16: error: initialization from incompatible pointer type [-Werror]

	(stackinfo_sub_sp): Define.

	* nscd/mem.c (gc): Use alloca_count to get the real stack usage.
	* include/alloca.h (alloca_account): Define.
	* sysdeps/x86_64/stackinfo.h (stackinfo_get_sp): Define.
	(stackinfo_sub_sp): Define.

	* include/alloca.h (extend_alloca): Fix typoed name 'extern_alloca'.